Naturopathic doctors (NDs) are health practitioners trained in family practice with a specialty in natural medicine. NDs restore health utilizing clinical nutrition, botanical (herbal) medicine, homeopathy, physical medicine and manipulation, Oriental medicine, counseling, minor surgery and hydrotherapy. Naturopathic doctors may receive additional training and specialize in natural childbirth or acupuncture. Naturopathy is effective in assisting the body to overcome acute and chronic illnesses. Prevention is a guiding principle, and naturopathic methods can help prevent the development of common health problems or alter the progression of chronic illness. Naturopaths may cooperate with other health professionals, providing referrals when necessary to provide quality adjunct care. Naturopathic doctors are licensed on a state-by-state basis. Currently, fifteen states, the District of Columbia, five Canadian provinces and two United States territories license naturopathic doctors. Michigan does not currently license naturopathic doctors to practice medicine. As NDs are not licensed to practice medicine in the state of Michigan, they offer consultative services, giving impressions and recommendations but do not diagnose disease or prescribe medication.